Inbred maize line PHKVO

ABSTRACT

An inbred maize line, designated PHKV0, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PHKV0, methods for producing a maize plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHKV0 with itself or with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PHKV0 with another maize line or plant.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is in the field of maize breeding, specifically relating to an inbred maize line designated PHKV0.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single variety or hybrid various desirable traits. For field crops, these traits may include resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics such as germination and stand establishment, growth rate, maturity, and plant and ear height, is important.

Field crops are bred through techniques that take advantage of the plant's method of pollination. A plant is self-pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a different plant.

Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type for many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding progeny. A cross between two different homozygous lines produces a uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozygous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will not be uniform.

Maize (zea mays L.), often referred to as corn in the United States, can be bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Maize has separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in maize when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrude from the tops of the ears.

A reliable method of controlling male fertility in plants offers the opportunity for improved plant breeding. This is especially true for development of maize hybrids, which relies upon some sort of male sterility system. There are several options for controlling male fertility available to breeders, such as: manual or mechanical emasculation (or detasseling), cytoplasmic male sterility, genetic male sterility, gametocides and the like.

Hybrid maize seed is typically produced by a male sterility system incorporating manual or mechanical detasseling. Alternate strips of two maize inbreds are planted in a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels are removed from one of the inbreds (female). Providing that there is sufficient isolation from sources of foreign maize pollen, the ears of the detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from the other inbred (male), and the resulting seed is therefore hybrid and will form hybrid plants.

The laborious, and occasionally unreliable, detasseling process can be avoided by using cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMS inbred are male sterile as a result of factors resulting from the cytoplasmic, as opposed to the nuclear, genome. Thus, this characteristic is inherited exclusively through the female parent in maize plants, since only the female provides cytoplasm to the fertilized seed. CMS plants are fertilized with pollen from another inbred that is not male-sterile. Pollen from the second inbred may or may not contribute genes that make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Seed from detasseled fertile maize and CMS produced seed of the same hybrid can be blended to insure that adequate pollen loads are available for fertilization when the hybrid plants are grown.

There are several methods of conferring genetic male sterility available, such as multiple mutant genes at separate locations within the genome that confer male sterility, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,654,465 and 4,727,219 to Brar et al. and chromosomal translocations as described by Patterson in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,861,709 and 3,710,511. These and all patents referred to are incorporated by reference. In addition to these methods, Albertsen et al., of Pioneer Hi-Bred, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/848,433, have developed a system of nuclear male sterility which includes: identifying a gene which is critical to male fertility; silencing this native gene which is critical to male fertility; removing the native promoter from the essential male fertility gene and replacing it with an inducible promoter; inserting this genetically engineered gene back into the plant; and thus creating a plant that is male sterile because the inducible promoter is not "on" resulting in the male fertility gene not being transcribed. Fertility is restored by inducing, or turning "on", the promoter, which in turn allows the gene that confers male fertility to be transcribed.

There are many other methods of conferring genetic male sterility in the art, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. These methods use a variety of approaches such as delivering into the plant a gene encoding a cytotoxic substance associated with a male tissue specific promoter or an antisense system in which a gene critical to fertility is identified and an antisense to that gene is inserted in the plant (see: Fabinjanski, et al. EPO 89/3010153.8 publication no. 329,308 and PCT application PCT/CA90/00037 published as WO 90/08828).

Another system useful in controlling male sterility makes use of gametocides. Gametocides are not a genetic system, but rather a topical application of chemicals. These chemicals affect cells that are critical to male fertility. The application of these chemicals affects fertility in the plants only for the growing season in which the gametocide is applied (see Carlson, Glenn R., U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,904). Application of the gametocide, timing of the application and genotype specificity often limit the usefulness of the approach.

The use of male sterile inbreds is but one factor in the production of maize hybrids. The development of maize hybrids requires, in general, the development of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to develop inbred lines from breeding populations. Breeding programs combine the genetic backgrounds from two or more inbred lines or various other germplasm sources into breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which of those have commercial potential. Plant breeding and hybrid development are expensive and time consuming processes.

Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics that is lacking in the other or which complements the other. If the two original parents do not provide all the desired characteristics, other sources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced: F₁ →F₂ ; F₃ →F₄ ; F₄ →F₅, etc.

Recurrent selection breeding, backcrossing for example, can be used to improve an inbred line. Backcrossing can be used to transfer a specific desirable trait from one inbred or source to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be accomplished, for example, by first crossing a superior inbred (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred (non-recurrent parent), that carries the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in question. The progeny of this cross is then mated back to the superior recurrent parent followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from the non-recurrent parent. After five or more backcross generations with selection for the desired trait, the progeny will be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristic being transferred, but will be like the superior parent for most or almost all other genes. The last backcross generation is then selfed to give pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred.

A single cross maize hybrid results from the cross of two inbred lines, each of which has a genotype that complements the genotype of the other. The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F₁. In the development of commercial hybrids only the F₁ hybrid plants are sought. Preferred F₁ hybrids are more vigorous than their inbred parents. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many polygenic traits, including increased vegetative growth and increased yield.

The development of a maize hybrid involves three steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm pools for initial breeding crosses; (2) the selfing of the selected plants from the breeding crosses for several generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which, although different from each other, breed true and are highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with different inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F₁). During the inbreeding process in maize, the vigor of the lines decreases. Vigor is restored when two different inbred lines are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F₁). An important consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid between a defined pair of inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give a superior hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be reproduced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred parents is maintained.

A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbred lines are crossed to produce the F₁ progeny. A double cross hybrid is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs (A×B and C×D) and then the two F₁ hybrids are crossed again (A×B)×(C×D). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F₁ hybrids is lost in the next generation (F₂). Consequently, seed from hybrids is not used for planting stock.

Hybrid seed production requires elimination or inactivation of pollen produced by the female parent. Incomplete removal or inactivation of the pollen provides the potential for self pollination. This inadvertently self pollinated seed may be unintentionally harvested and packaged with hybrid seed.

Once the seed is planted, it is possible to identify and select these self pollinated plants. These self pollinated plants will be genetically equivalent to the female inbred line used to produce the hybrid.

Typically these self pollinated plants can be identified and selected due to their decreased vigor. Female selfs are identified by their less vigorous appearance for vegetative and/or reproductive characteristics, including shorter plant height, small ear size, ear and kernel shape, cob color, or other characteristics.

Identification of these self pollinated lines can also be accomplished through molecular marker analyses. See, "The Identification of Female Selfs in Hybrid Maize: A Comparison Using Electrophoresis and Morphology", Smith, J. S. C. and Wych, R. D., Seed Science and Technology 14, pp. 1-8 (1995), the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Through these technologies, the homozygosity of the self pollinated line can be verified by analyzing allelic composition at various loci along the genome. Those methods allow for rapid identification of the invention disclosed herein. See also, "Identification of Atypical Plants in Hybrid Maize Seed by Postcontrol and Electrophoresis" Sarca, V. et al., Probleme de Genetica Teoritica si Aplicata Vol. 20 (1) p. 29-42.

As is readily apparent to one skilled in the art, the foregoing are only two of the various ways by which the inbred can be obtained by those looking to use the germplasm. Other means are available, and the above examples are illustrative only.

Maize is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop high-yielding maize hybrids that are agronomically sound based on stable inbred lines. The reasons for this goal are obvious: to maximize the amount of grain produced with the inputs used and minimize susceptibility of the crop to pests and environmental stresses. To accomplish this goal, the maize breeder must select and develop superior inbred parental lines for producing hybrids. This requires identification and selection of genetically unique individuals that occur in a segregating population. The segregating population is the result of a combination of crossover events plus the independent assortment of specific combinations of alleles at many gene loci that results in specific genotypes. The probability of selecting any one individual with a specific genotype from a breeding cross is infinitesimal due to the large number of segregating genes and the unlimited recombinations of these genes, some of which may be closely linked. However, the genetic variation among individual progeny of a breeding cross allows for the identification of rare and valuable new genotypes. These new genotypes are neither predictable nor incremental in value, but rather the result of manifested genetic variation combined with selection methods, environments and the actions of the breeder.

Thus, even if the entire genotypes of the parents of the breeding cross were characterized and a desired genotype is known, only a few if any individuals having the desired genotype may be found in a large segregating F₂ population. Typically, however, neither the genotypes of neither the parents nor the desired genotype is known in any detail. In addition to the preceding problem, it is not known how the genotype would react with the environment. This genotype by environment interaction is an important, yet unpredictable, factor in plant breeding. A breeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the genotype, how that genotype will interact with various climatic conditions or the resulting phenotypes of the developing lines, except perhaps in a very broad and general fashion. A breeder of ordinary skill in the art would also be unable to recreate the same line twice from the very same original parents as the breeder is unable to direct how the genomes combine or how they will interact with the environmental conditions. This unpredictability results in the expenditure of large amounts of research resources in the development of a superior new maize inbred line.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel inbred maize line, designated PHKV0. This invention thus relates to the seeds of inbred maize line PHKV0, to the plants of inbred maize line PHKV0, and to methods for producing a maize plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHKV0 with itself or another maize line. This invention further relates to hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PHKV0 with another maize line.

DEFINITIONS

In the description and examples that follow, a number of terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided. NOTE: ABS is in absolute terms and % MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was grown. These designators will follow the descriptors to denote how the values are to be interpreted. Below are the descriptors used in the data tables included herein.

ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT (Colletotrichum graminicola). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. The percent of plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears).

BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an indication of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.

BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Yield of the grain at harvest in bushels per acre adjusted to 15.5% moisture.

CLD TST=COLD TEST. The percent of plants that germinate under cold test conditions.

CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS. Synergistic interaction of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in combination with either maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV-A or MDMV-B) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necrosis. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

COM RST=COMMON RUST (Puccinia sorghi). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Common Rust. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

D/D=DRYDOWN. This represents the relative rate at which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture compared to other hybrids on a 1-9 rating scale. A high score indicates a hybrid that dries relatively fast while a low score indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.

DIP ERS=DIPLODIA EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia maydis and Diplodia macrospora). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Diplodia Ear Mold. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. A measure of the number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.

DIT=DROUGHT TOLERANCE. This represents a 1-9 rating for drought tolerance, and is based on data obtained under stress conditions. A high score indicates good drought tolerance and a low score indicates poor drought tolerance.

EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure from the ground to the highest placed developed ear node attachment and is measured in inches.

EAR MLD=General Ear Mold. Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant. This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears without determining the specific mold organism, and may not be predictive for a specific ear mold.

EAR SZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The higher the rating the larger the ear size.

ECB 1LF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GENERATION LEAF FEEDING (Ostrinia nubilalis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to preflowering leaf feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

ECB 2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING (Ostrinia nubilalis). Average inches of tunneling per plant in the stalk.

ECB 2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION (Ostrinia nubilalis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating post flowering degree of stalk breakage and other evidence of feeding by European Corn Borer, Second Generation. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

ECB DPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED EARS (Ostrinia nubilalis). Dropped ears due to European Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not drop ears under second generation corn borer infestation.

EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the number of plants that emerge on per plot basis for the inbred or hybrid.

EYE SPT=Eye Spot (Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium zeae). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Eye Spot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

FUS ERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium moniliforme or Fusarium subglutinans). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Fusarium ear rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

GDU=Growing Degree Units. Using the Barger Heat Unit Theory, which assumes that maize growth occurs in the temperature range 50° F.-86° F. and that temperatures outside this range slow down growth; the maximum daily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the minimum daily heat unit accumulation is 0. The seasonal accumulation of GDU is a major factor in determining maturity zones.

GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour period are: ##EQU1##

The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development.

GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.

GIB ERS=GIBBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD) (Gibberella zeae). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gray Leaf Spot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

GOS WLT=Goss' Wilt (Corynebacterium nebraskense). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Goss' Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9 rating for the general appearance of the shelled grain as it is harvested based on such factors as the color of harvested grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores indicate good grain quality.

H/POP=YIELD AT HIGH DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively high plant densities on 1-9 relative rating system with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to high plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield response, respectively, to increased plant density.

HC BLT=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium carbonum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Helminthosporium infection. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

HD SMT=HEAD SMUT (Sphacelotheca reiliana). This score indicates the percentage of plants not infected.

INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE). Relative income per acre assuming drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent harvest moisture and current market price per bushel.

INCOME/ACRE. Income advantage of hybrid to be patented over other hybrid on per acre basis.

INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE. GROSS INCOME advantage of variety #1 over variety #2.

KSZ DCD=KERNEL SIZE DISCARD. The percent of discard seed; calculated as the sum of discarded tip kernels and extra large kernels.

L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively low plant densities on a 1-9 relative system with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to low plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield response, respectively, to low plant density.

MDM CPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX (MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus and MCDV=Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

MST=HARVEST MOISTURE. The moisture is the actual percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.

MST ADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE. The moisture advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by: MOISTURE of variety #2- MOISTURE of variety #1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE of variety #1.

NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Helminthosporium turcicum or Exserohilum turcicum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Northem Leaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in inches.

POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the more pollen shed.

POL WT=POLLEN WEIGHT. This is calculated by dry weight of tassels collected as shedding commences minus dry weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is complete.

It should be understood that the inbred can, through routine manipulation of cytoplasmic or other factors, be produced in a male-sterile form. Such embodiments are also contemplated within the scope of the present claims.

POP K/A=PLANT POPULATIONS. Measured as 1000s per acre.

POP ADV=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE. The plant population advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by PLANT POPULATION of variety #2- PLANT POPULATION of variety #1=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE of variety #1.

PRM=PREDICTED RELATIVE MATURITY. This trait, predicted relative maturity, is based on the harvest moisture of the grain. The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is also referred to as the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating System that is similar to the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System.

PRM SHD=A relative measure of the growing degree units (GDU) required to reach 50% pollen shed. Relative values are predicted values from the linear regression of observed GDU's on relative maturity of commercial checks.

PRO DRY=GRAIN PROTEIN. The amount of the kernel that is protein, expressed on a dry matter basis.

RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percentage of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.

RTL ADV=ROOT LODGING ADVANTAGE. The root lodging advantage of variety #1 over variety #2.

SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount of scatter grain (lack of pollination or kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less scatter grain.

SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating (1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor.

SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index gives a single measure of the hybrid's worth based on information for up to five traits. A maize breeder may utilize his or her own set of traits for the selection index. One of the traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection index data presented in the tables represent the mean value averaged across testing stations.

SLF BLT=SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium maydis or Bipolaris maydis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Southern Leaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

SOU RST=SOUTHERN RUST (Puccinia polysora). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Southern Rust. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of plant health near the time of black layer formation (physiological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season plant health.

STD ADV=STALK STANDING ADVANTAGE. The advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 for the trait STK CNT.

STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final stand or number of plants per plot.

STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.

STW WLT=Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewardii). A 1 to |3 visual rating indicating the resistance to Stewart's Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due to heat stress) of the tassel at the time of flowering. A 1 would indicate a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9 would have no tassel blasting.

TAS SZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the rating the larger the tassel.

TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed.

TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown) of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while a 9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).

TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data are given as a percentage of tillers: number of tillers per plot divided by number of plants per plot.

TST WT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel).

TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted for 15.5 percent moisture.

TSW ADV=TEST WEIGHT ADVANTAGE. The test weight advantage of variety #1 over variety #2.

WIN M %=PERCENT MOISTURE WINS.

WIN Y %=PERCENT YIELD WINS.

YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.

YLD ADV=YIELD ADVANTAGE. The yield advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by: YIELD of variety #1-YIELD variety #2=yield advantage of variety #1.

YLD SC=YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to give a relative rating for yield based on plot ear piles. The higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Inbred maize lines are typically developed for use in the production of hybrid maize lines. Inbred maize lines need to be highly homogeneous, homozygous and reproducible to be useful as parents of commercial hybrids. There are many analytical methods available to determine the homozygotic and phenotypic stability of these inbred lines.

The oldest and most traditional method of analysis is the observation of phenotypic traits. The data is usually collected in field experiments over the life of the maize plants to be examined. Phenotypic characteristics most often observed are for traits associated with plant morphology, ear and kernel morphology, insect and disease resistance, maturity, and yield.

In addition to phenotypic observations, the genotype of a plant can also be examined. There are many laboratory-based techniques available for the analysis, comparison and characterization of plant genotype; among these are Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polyrnerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites.

The most widely used of these laboratory techniques are Isozyme Electrophoresis and RFLPs as discussed in Lee, M., "Inbred Lines of Maize and Their Molecular Markers," The Maize Handbook, (Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. 1994, at 423-432) incorporated herein by reference. Isozyme Electrophoresis is a useful tool in determining genetic composition, although it has relatively low number of available markers and the low number of allelic variants among maize inbreds. RFLPs have the advantage of revealing an exceptionally high degree of allelic variation in maize and the number of available markers is almost limitless.

Maize RFLP linkage maps have been rapidly constructed and widely implemented in genetic studies. One such study is described in Boppenmaier, et al., "Comparisons among strains of inbreds for RFLPs", Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65:1991, pg. 90, is incorporated herein by reference. This study used 101 RFLP markers to analyze the patterns of 2 to 3 different deposits each of five different inbred lines. The inbred lines had been selfed from 9 to 12 times before being adopted into 2 to 3 different breeding programs. It was results from these 2 to 3 different breeding programs that supplied the different deposits for analysis. These five lines were maintained in the separate breeding programs by selfing or sibbing and rogueing off-type plants for an additional one to eight generations. After the RFLP analysis was completed, it was determined the five lines showed 0-2% residual heterozygosity. Although this was a relatively small study, it can be seen using RFLPs that the lines had been highly homozygous prior to the separate strain maintenance.

Inbred maize line PHKV0 is a yellow, dent maize inbred that is best suited as a female for producing first generation F₁ maize hybrids. Inbred maize line PHKV0 is best adapted to the Northwest, Northcentral, Western, Drylands and Central Corn Belt regions of the United States and can be used to produce hybrids from approximately 111 relative maturity based on the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating System for harvest moisture of grain. Inbred maize line PHKV0 demonstrates high yield, excellent seed quality and an above average cold test score. Inbred PHKV0 also demonstrates excellent resistance to Ear Mold and Fusarium Ear Rot. In hybrid combination, PHKV0 demonstrates high, stable yields, good stalk strength, above average grain quality and above average grain protein. In addition, PHKV0 hybrids exhibit above average drought tolerance. For its area of adaptation, PHKV0 demonstrates stable, high yields, good stalk strength, good grain quality, very good resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and very good resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot.

The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits of environmental influence for all the traits as described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1) that follows. The inbred has been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant type to ensure the homozygosity and phenotypic stability necessary to use in commercial production. The line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits have been observed or are expected in PHKV0.

Inbred maize line PHKV0, being substantially homozygous, can be reproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting maize plants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the resulting seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.

                                      TABLE 1     __________________________________________________________________________     VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION     VARIETY = PHKV0     __________________________________________________________________________       TYPE: (describe intermediate types in Comments section):     2   1 = Sweet 2 = Dent 3 = Flint 4 = Flour 5 = Pop 6 = Ornamental       MATURITY:     DAYS   HEAT UNITS     070      1,408.0                   From emergence to 50% of plants in silk     071      1,421.1                   From emergence to 50% of plants in pollen     004    -0,025.6                   From 10% to 90% pollen shed     068      1,261.9                   From 50% silk to harvest at 25% moisture       PLANT:                                      Standard                                           Sample                                      Deviation                                           Size     0,215.0           cm Plant Height (to tassel tip)                                      20.06                                            8     0,082.3           cm Ear Height (to base of top ear node)                                      12.02                                            8     0,013.5           cm Length of Top Ear Internode                                       0.92                                           40     1        Average Number of Tillers                                       0.35                                            8     1.0      Averge Number of Ears per Stalk                                       0.00                                            8     4.0      Anthocyanin of Brace Roots: 1 = Absent 2 = Faint 3 = Moderate 4              = Dark       LEAF:                                      Standard                                           Sample                                      Deviation                                           Size     008.7 cm Width of Ear Node Leaf   0.70                                           40     069.4 cm Length of Ear Node Leaf  5.25                                           40     05.5     Number of leaves above top ear                                       0.60                                           40     025.1    Degrees Leaf Angle (measure from 2nd leaf above                                      13.27                                            7              ear at anthesis to stalk above leaf)     03       Leaf Color                   Dark Green                         (Munsell code)   5GY44     1.0      Leaf Sheath Pubescence (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = like              peach fuzz)     5.4      Marginal Waves (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = many)     4.6      Longitudinal Creases (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = many)       TASSEL:                                      Standard                                           Sample                                      Deviation                                           Size     02.3     Number of Primary Lateral Branches                                       0.52                                           40     037.0    Branch Angle from Central Spike                                      14.21                                            7     57.1  cm Tassel Length (from top leaf collar to tassel tip)                                      1.72  4     6.5      Pollen Shed (rate on scale from 0 = male sterile to 9 = heavy              shed)     17       Anther Color                    Purple                         (Munsell code)   5R36     17       Glume Color                    Purple                         (Munsell code)   5GY 5/6     1.0      Bar Glumes (Glume Bands): 1 = Absent 2 = Present     25       Peduncle Length (cm. fmm top leaf to basel branches)     6a.       EAR (Unhusked Data):     11    Silk Color (3 days after emergence)                                 Pink    (Munsell code)                                                 10R44     2     Fresh Husk Color (25 days after 50% silking)                                 Medium Green                                         (Munsell code)                                                 5GY66     21    Dry Husk Color (65 days after 50% silking)                                 Buff    (Munsell code)                                                 2.5Y84           Position of Ear at Dry Husk Stage: 1 = Upright 2 = Horizontal 3 =           Pendant     4     Husk Tightness (Rate of Scale from 1 = very loose to 9 = very           tight)     2     Husk Extension (at harvest): 1 = Short (ears exposed) 2 = Medium           (<8 cm)           3 = Long (8-10 cm beyond ear tip) 4 = Very Long (>10                                                 Medium     6b.       EAR (Husked Ear Data):                                      Standard                                           Sample                                      Deviation                                           Size     15    cm Ear Length               1.02                                           40     40    mm Ear Diameter at mid-point                                       2.42                                           40     120   gm Ear Weight              23.15                                           40     14       Number of Kernal Rows    0.14                                           40     2        Kernal Rows: 1 = Indistinct 2 = Distinct                                                 Distinct     1        Row Alignment: 1 = Straight 2 = Slightly Curved 3                                                 Straight     11    cm Shank Length             3.19                                           40              Ear Taper: 1 = Slight 2 = Average 3 = Extreme                                                 Average     2        Ear Taper: 1 = Slight 2 = Average 3 = Extreme                                                 Average       KERNEL (Dried):                                      Standard                                           Sample                                      Deviation                                           Size     10    mm Kernal Length           0.75 40     8     mm Kernal Width            0.35 40     5     mm Kernal Thickness        0.47 40     27       % Round Kernals (Shape Grade)                                      8.87  6     1        Aleurone Color Pattern: 1 = Homozygous 2 = Segregating                                                 Homozygous     7        Aluerone Color                        Yellow        (Munsell code)                                                 10YR712     7        Hard Endosperm Color                        Yellow        (Munsell code)                                                 10YR712     3        Endosperm Type:                        Normal Starch              1 = Sweet (Su1) 2 = Extra Sweet (sh2) 3 = Normal Starch              4 = High Amylose Starch 5 = Waxy Starch 6 = High Protein              7 = High Lysine 8 = Super Sweet (se) 9 = High Oil              10 = Other.sub.------     27    gm Weight per 100 Kernels (unsized sample)                                      3.65  8       COB:                                      Standard                                           Sample                                      Deviation                                           Size     23    mm Cob Diameter at mid-point                                      1.28 40     19       Cob Color White         (Munsell code)                                                 5Y91     2        Cob Strength 1 = Weak 2 = Strong       DISEASE RESISTANCE (Rate from 1 (most susceptible) to 9 (most       resistant); leave blank       if not tested; leave Race or Strain Options blank if polygenic):     A. Leaf Blights, Wilts, and Local Infection Diseases           Anthracnose Leaf Blight ( Colletotrichum graminicola)     6     Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi)           Common Smut (Ustilago     6     Eyespot (Kabatiella zeae) maydis)     8     Goss's Wilt (Clavibacter michiganense spp. nebraskense)     4     Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis)           Helminthosporium Leaf Spot (Bipolaris zeicola) Race----     7     Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) Race----     7     Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis) Race----           Southern Rust (Puccinia polysora)     5     Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii)           Other(Specify)----     B. Systemic Diseases     4     Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV and MDMV)           Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana)           Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (MDV)           Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV)     3     Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV)           Sorghum Downy Mildew of Corn (Peronosclerospora sorghi)           Other (Specify)----     C. Stalk Rots     4     Anthracnose Stalk Rot (Colletotrichum graminicola)           Diplodia Stalk Rot (Stenocarpella maydis)           Fusarium Stalk Rot (Fusarium moniliforme)           Gibberella Stalk Rot (Gibberella zeae)           Other (Specify)----     D. Ear and Kernel Rats           Aspergillus Ear and Kernal Rot (Aspergillus flavus)     4     Diplodia Ear Rot (Stenocarpella maydis)     6     Fusarium Ear and Kernel Rot (Fusarium moniliforme)     7     Gibberella Ear Rot (Gibberella zeae)           Other (Specify)----           Banks grass Mite (Oligonychus pratensis)           Corn Worm (Helicoverpa zea)           Leaf Feeding           Silk Feeding            mg larval wt.           Ear Damage           Corn Leaf Aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis)           Corn Sap Beetle (Carpophilus dimidiatus           European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)     3     1st Generation (Typically Whorf Leaf Feeding)     6     2nd Generation (Typically Leaf Sheath-Collar Feeding)           Stalk Tunneling           cm tunneled/plant           Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera fruqiperda)           Leaf Feeding           Silk Feeding           mg larval wt.           Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamaize           Northern Rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)           Southern Rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)           Southwestern Corn Borer (Diatreaea grandiosella)           Leaf Feeding           Stalk Tunneling           cm tunneled/plant           Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae)           Western Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifrea virgifera)           Other (Specify)----       AGRONOMIC TRAITS:     5    Staygreen (at 65 days after arthesis) (Rate on a scale from 1 =          worst to          excellent)     0.0  % Dropped Ears (at 65 days after anthesis)          % Pre-anthesis Brittle Snapping          % Pre-anthesis Root Lodging     8.7  Post-anthesis Root Lodging (at 65 days after anthesis)     4,730          Kg/ha Yield (at 12-13% grain moisture)     __________________________________________________________________________      *In interpreting the foregoing color designations, reference may be had t      the Munsell Glossy Book of Color, a standard color reference.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

This invention also is directed to methods for producing a maize plant by crossing a first parent maize plant with a second parent maize plant wherein either the first or second parent maize plant is an inbred maize plant of the line PHKV0. Further, both first and second parent maize plants can come from the inbred maize line PHKV0. Thus, any such methods using the inbred maize line PHKV0 are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like. All plants produced using inbred maize line PHKV0 as a parent are within the scope of this invention. Advantageously, the inbred maize line is used in crosses with other, different, maize inbreds to produce first generation (F₁) maize hybrid seeds and plants with superior characteristics.

As used herein, the term plant includes plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell tissue cultures from which maize plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, ovules, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the like.

Duncan, Williams, Zehr, and Widholm, Planta (1985) 165:322-332 reflects that 97% of the plants cultured that produced callus were capable of plant regeneration. Subsequent experiments with both inbreds and hybrids produced 91% regenerable callus that produced plants. In a further study in 1988, Songstad, Duncan & Widholm in Plant Cell Reports (1988), 7:262-265 reports several media additions that enhance regenerability of callus of two inbred lines. Other published reports also indicated that "nontraditional" tissues are capable of producing somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. K. P. Rao, et al., Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, 60:64-65 (1986), refers to somatic embryogenesis from glume callus cultures and B. V. Conger, et al., Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347 (1987) indicates somatic embryogenesis from the tissue cultures of maize leaf segments. Thus, it is clear from the literature that the state of the art is such that these methods of obtaining plants are, and were, "conventional" in the sense that they are routinely used and have a very high rate of success.

Tissue culture of maize is described in European Patent Application, publication 160,390, incorporated herein by reference. Maize tissue culture procedures are also described in Green and Rhodes, "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize," Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va. 1982, at 367-372) and in Duncan, et al., "The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes," 165 Planta 322-332 (1985). Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells which upon growth and differentiation produce maize plants having the physiological and morphological characteristics of inbred line PHKV0.

Maize is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material in industry. The food uses of maize, in addition to human consumption of maize kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of maize dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The maize wet-milling industry can provide maize starch, maize syrups, and dextrose for food use. Maize oil is recovered from maize germ, which is a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.

Maize, including both grain and non-grain portions of the plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily for beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.

Industrial uses of maize include production of ethanol, maize starch in the wet-milling industry and maize flour in the dry-milling industry. The industrial applications of maize starch and flour are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend particles;. The maize starch and flour have application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other mining applications.

Plant parts other than the grain of maize are also used in industry: for example, stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.

The seed of inbred maize line PHKV0, the plant produced from the inbred seed, the hybrid maize plant produced from the crossing of the inbred, hybrid seed, and various parts of the hybrid maize plant can be utilized for human food, livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.

PERFORMANCE EXAMPLE OF PHKV0

In the examples that follow, the traits and characteristics of inbred maize line PHKV0 are presented as an inbred per se and in hybrid combination. The data collected on inbred maize line PHKV0 is presented for key characteristics and traits.

Inbred Comparisons

The results in Table 2A compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PHTP9. The inbred per se results show inbred PHKV0 demonstrates above average and significantly higher yields than inbred PHTP9. Inbred PHKV0 demonstrates significantly higher early stand counts than inbred PHTP9. Both inbred PHKV0 and inbred PHTP9 exhibit very good grain appearance. Inbred PHKV0 demonstrates significantly harder grain texture (TEX EAR) than inbred PHTP9. Inbred PHKV0 also shows very good resistance to Ear Mold.

The results in Table 2B compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PHP38. The inbred per se results show inbred PHKV0 demonstrates above average and significantly higher yields than inbred PHP38. Inbred PHKV0 exhibits significantly higher early stand counts than inbred PHP38. Both inbred PHKV0 and inbred PHP38 exhibit very good grain appearance. Inbred PHKV0 demonstrates significantly harder grain texture (TEX EAR) than inbred PHP38. Inbred PHKV0 shows very good resistance to Ear Mold, and good resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot.

The results in Table 2C compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PH38D. The inbred per se results show inbred PHKV0 demonstrates above average and significantly higher yields than inbred PH38D. Inbred PHKV0 exhibits very good grain appearance. Inbred PHKV0 demonstrates harder grain texture (TEX EAR) than inbred PH38D. Inbred PHKV0 shows better resistance to Ear Mold than inbred PH38D.

The results in Table 2D compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PH42B. The inbred per se results show inbred PHKV0 demonstrates above average yields. Inbred PHKV0 demonstrates significantly higher test weight than inbred PH42B. Both inbred PHKV0 and inbred PHP38 exhibit above average grain appearance. Inbred PHKV0 demonstrates significantly harder grain texture (TEX EAR) than inbred PH42B. Inbred PHKV0 also shows significantly better resistance to Ear Mold than inbred PH42B. Inbred PHKV0 exhibits better resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot than inbred PH42B.

Inbred By Tester Comparisons

The results in Table 3A compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PHTP9, with each inbred crossed to the same tester lines. The PHKV0 hybrids have above average yields. The PHKV0 hybrids demonstrate significantly better stay green than the PHTP9 hybrids. The PHKV0 hybrids have excellent resistance to stalk lodging and brittle stalk. The PHKV0 hybrids have above average grain appearance.

The results in Table 3B compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PHP38, with each inbred crossed to the same tester lines. The PHKV0 hybrids are high yielding. The PHKV0 hybrids have above average resistance to stalk lodging. The PHKV0 hybrids have above average grain appearance.

The results in Table 3C compare inbred PHKV0 to inbred PH42B, with each inbred crossed to the same tester lines. The PHKV0 hybrids are high yielding. The PHKV0 hybrids have above average resistance to stalk lodging and brittle stalk. The PHKV0 hybrids have better grain appearance than the PH42B hybrids.

Hybrid Comparisons

The results in Table 4A compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHP38 crossed to PHPP8. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average yield and demonstrates significantly lower harvest moisture and significantly higher test weight than the PHP38/PHPP8 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid shows above average resistance to brittle stalk and above average grain appearance. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid demonstrates excellent resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot.

The results in Table 4B compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHP38 crossed to PHN46. While the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits a slightly lower yield than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid, the PHKV0IPHKW3 demonstrates significantly lower harvest moisture and significantly higher test weight than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid demonstrates significantly better resistance to brittle stalk than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid presents an above average and better grain appearance than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid has very good and significantly better resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid.

The results in Table 4C compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PH42B crossed to PH06N. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average yield. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid shows above average and better resistance to brittle stalk than the PH42B/PH06N hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid presents an above average and better grain appearance than the PH42B/PH06N hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid demonstrates an excellent resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and very good resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot.

The results in Table 4D compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHTP9 crossed to PH24E. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average yield. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid demonstrates above average and significantly better stay green than the PHTP9/PH24E hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid shows above average and better resistance to brittle stalk than the PHTP9/PH24E hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid presents an above average and better grain appearance than the PHTP9/PH24E hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid demonstrates an excellent resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot.

Table 5 shows the results for cold tests recorded on inbred PHKV0 in three different experiments. Inbred PHKV0 scored above average cold test results in each experiment.

The results in Table 6A compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHP38 crossed to PHPP8. In hybrid combination, the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average grain appearance. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid demonstrates significantly better ear texture than the PHP38/PHPP8 hybrid.

The results in Table 6B compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHP38 crossed to PHN46. In hybrid combination, the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average and better grain appearance than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid also demonstrates above average and better ear texture than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid.

The results in Table 6C compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PH25A crossed to PHKW3. In hybrid combination, the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average and significantly better grain appearance than the PH25A/PHKW3 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid also demonstrates above average and significantly better ear texture than the PH25A/PHKW3 hybrid.

The results in Table 6D compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHHB4 crossed to PHK56. In hybrid combination, the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid exhibits an above average and significantly better grain appearance than the PHHB4/PHK56 hybrid. The PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid also demonstrates above average and better ear texture than the PHHB4/PHK56 hybrid.

The results in Table 7A compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHP38 crossed to PHN46. In hybrid combination, the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid produces a significantly higher percentage of protein in the resulting seed than the PHP38/PHN46 hybrid.

The results in Table 7B compare inbred PHKV0 crossed to inbred PHKW3 and inbred PHHB4 crossed to PHK56. In hybrid combination, the PHKV0/PHKW3 hybrid produces a significantly higher percentage of protein in the resulting seed than the PHHB4/PHK56 hybrid.

                                      TABLE 2A     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0     VARIETY #2 = PHTP9     __________________________________________________________________________                BU  BU       TST SDG EST  TIL GDU  GDU                ACR ACR  MST WT  VGR CNT  LER SHD  SLK                ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   74.8                    109  21.9                             56.2                                 4.6 33.0 1.2 145.4                                                   146.6            2   62.9                    94   20.3                             56.7                                 4.7 29.9 1.5 136.0                                                   137.9            LOCS                42  42   55  33  82  147  110 147  144            REPS                68  68   84  55  100 203  128 157  152            DIFF                11.8                    16   1.6 0.4 0.1 3.1  0.3 9.5  8.7            PR > T                .001#                    .006#                         .000#                             .121                                 .700                                     .000#                                          .534                                              .000#                                                   .000#     __________________________________________________________________________                POL  TAS                        TAS  PLT EAR  RT  STA  STK BRT                SC   BLS                        SZ   HT  HT   LDG GRN  LDG STK                ABS  ABS                        ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   3.6  9.0                        3.4  92.4                                 41.4 87.8                                          6.0  94.3                                                   92.7            2   4.4  9.0                        4.0  79.4                                 34.6 94.5                                          3.7  96.8                                                   97.9            LOCS                42   1  72   81  70   16  36   29  21            REPS                44   1  75   95  84   21  47   49  24            DIFF                0.8  0.0                        0.7  13.0                                 6.8  6.6 2.3  2.5 5.1            PR > T                .000#   .000#                             .000#                                 .001#                                      .035+                                          .000#                                               .031+                                                   .069*     __________________________________________________________________________                GRN  SCT EAR  TEX EAR  BAR DRP  GLF NLF                APP  GRN SZ   EAR MLD  PLT EAR  SPT BLT                ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   7.1  7.0 6.0  7.5 7.2  96.1                                           99.6 3.0 7.2            2   7.7  6.9 4.9  6.0 6.9  94.8                                           100.0                                                1.9 6.0            LOCS                10   33  15   12  37   67  15   11  10            REPS                15   35  15   13  39   71  27   15  14            DIFF                0.6  0.1 1.1  1.5 0.3  1.3 0.4  1.1 1.3            PR > T                .472 .720                         .000#                              .000#                                  .162 .251                                           .235 .015+                                                    .016+     __________________________________________________________________________                SLF STW ANT  HD  MDM  FUS DIP  EYE COM                BLT WLT ROT  SMT CPX  ERS ERS  SPT RST                ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   7.0 6.7 3.5  100.0                                 3.5  4.5 4.0  6.0 5.5            2   6.0 6.3 4.3  100.0                                 2.0  4.9 6.0  7.5 5.1            LOCS                1   3   2    1   1    4   1    2   9            REPS                1   3   4    4   2    5   2    2   12            DIFF                1.0 0.3 0.8  0.0 1.5  0.4 2.0  1.5 0.4            PR > T  .742                        .205          .591     .205                                                   .154     __________________________________________________________________________                ECB ECB                1LF 2SC                ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   3.2 3.6            2   4.5 4.4            LOCS                15  7            REPS                15  10            DIFF                1.3 0.9            PR > T                .072*                    .165     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 2B     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0     VARIETY #2 = PHP38     __________________________________________________________________________                BU   BU       TST SDG  EST  TIL GDU GDU                ACR  ACR  MST WT  VGR  CNT  LER SHD SLK                ABS  % MN ABS ABS ABS  ABS  ABS ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   73.4 111  20.0                              57.8                                  4.9  34.9 1.0 145.6                                                    146.9            2   63.3 95   20.3                              57.7                                  5.9  33.7 1.0 146.0                                                    147.6            LOCS                87   87   103 68  130  218  158 196 195            REPS                145  145  161 109 172  308  200 214 212            DIFF                10.1 16   0.2 0.1 1.0  1.2  0.0 0.4 0.8            PR > T                .000#                     .000#                          .123                              .545                                  .000#                                       .003#                                            .999                                                .201                                                    .027+     __________________________________________________________________________                POL TAS TAS PLT  EAR  RT    STA STK  BRT                SC  BLS SZ  HT   .HT  LDG   GRN LDG  STK                ABS ABS ABS ABS  ABS  ABS   ABS ABS  ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   3.6 9.0 3.3 89.8 39.5 88.5  5.3 94.3 91.0            2   5.3 9.0 5.4 90.3 34.4 96.5  5.0 96.0 93.9            LOCS                48  1   88  118  102  27    60  45   37            REPS                50  1   91  149  132  40    81  81   50            DIFF                1.7 0.0 2.1 0.5  5.2  8.1   0.4 1.7  2.8            PR > T                .000#   .000#                            .482 .000#                                      .014+ .099*                                                .059*                                                     .133     __________________________________________________________________________                GRN  SCT EAR  TEX EAR  BAR  DRP GLF  NLF                APP  GRN 3Z   EAR MLD  PLT  EAR SPT  BLT                ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS  ABS ABS  ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   7.0  6.7 5.9  7.3 7.1  95.8 99.4                                                3.3  6.3            2   7.0  6.2 5.5  6.2 6.9  94.1 99.3                                                2.3  4.4            LOCS                19   42  22   20  43   116  20  22   10            REPS                29   44  22   21  46   136  37  32   18            DIFF                0.0  0.5 0.5  1.1 0.2  1.7  0.1 1.0  1.9            PR > T                .999 .029+                         .086*                              .000#                                  .229 .086*                                            .717                                                .000#                                                     .000#     __________________________________________________________________________                SLF GOS  STW ANT   HD       MDM FUS GIB                BLT WLT  WLT ROT   SMT CLN  CPX ERS ERS                ABS ABS  ABS ABS   ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   7.0 8.3  7.1 3.4   100.0                                       4.0  3.0 5.9 9.0            2   7.8 7.8  4.2 3.4   100.0                                       4.5  3.0 5.5 9.0            LOCS                4   2    7   5     2   1    2   11  1            REPS                7   3    9   9     6   2    4   14  1            DIFF                0.8 0.5  2.9 0.0   0.0 0.5  0.0 0.4 0.0            PR > T                .058*                    .500 .006#                             .999  .999     .999                                                .314     __________________________________________________________________________                  DIP                     EYE      COM HC       ECB ECB                  ERS                     SPT      RST BLT      1LF 2SC                  ABS                     ABS      ABS ABS      ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1     4.0                     6.0      5.7 6.0      3.1 3.6            2     4.0                     5.5      5.8 7.0      3.3 4.8            LOCS  1  2        12  1        18  9            REPS  2  2        16  1        19  13            DIFF  0.0                     0.5      0.1 1.0      0.2 1.3            PR > T   .500     .623         .544                                               .004#     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 2C     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0     VARIETY #2 = PH38D     __________________________________________________________________________                BU  BU       TST SDG EST TIL GDU  GDU                ACR ACR  MST WT  VGR CNT LER SHD  SLK                ABS % MM ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS  ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   69.8                    113  21.6                             56.7                                 4.7 31.8                                         1.0 145.2                                                  146.4            2   59.0                    94   18.2                             58.1                                 5.1 32.1                                         1.8 140.9                                                  141.9            LOCS                26  26   26  18  55  91  65  92   91            REPS                40  40   40  29  64  123 74  97   96            DIFF                10.8                    19   3.4 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.8 4.3  4.5            PR > T                .003#                    .003#                         .000#                             .001#                                 .016+                                     .592                                         .284                                             .000#                                                  .000#     __________________________________________________________________________                POL  TAS PLT  EAR RT  STA  STK BRT GRN                SC   SZ  HT   HT  LDG GRN  LDG STK APP                ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   3.9  3.3 104.0                              48.9                                  88.5                                      5.7  91.9                                               92.1                                                   7.1            2   4.3  3.1 108.3                              41.6                                  90.1                                      4.0  91.2                                               95.9                                                   8.4            LOCS                17   47  46   38  11  19   18  9   6            REPS                18   49  50   43  15  21   29  10  9            DIFF                0.4  0.2 4.2  7.3 1.6 1.7  0.7 3.9 1.3            PR > T                .349 .267                         .027+                              .009#                                  .840                                      .032+                                           .796                                               .179                                                   .175     __________________________________________________________________________                SCT  EAR TEX EAR  BAR DRP GLF  NLF STW                GRN  SZ  EAR MLD  PLT EAR SPT  BLT WLT                ABS  ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   7.2  6.0 7.3 7.4  98.2                                      99.4                                          3.8  8.0 6.0            2   6.7  4.8 6.0 6.6  96.4                                      98.8                                          2.3  7.0 3.0            LOCS                20   12  10  21   28  9   4    4   2            REPS                21   12  11  22   29  16  4    4   2            DIFF                0.5  1.3 1.3 0.8  1.8 0.6 1.5  1.0 3.0            PR > T                .076*                     .024+                         .022+                             .025+                                  .180                                      .368                                          .058*                                               .000#                                                   .205     __________________________________________________________________________                FUS       EYE                             COM        ECB ECB                ERS       SPT                             RST        1LF 2SC                ABS       ABS                             ABS        ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   5.0       6.0                             5.6        3.3 3.8            2   6.0       8.0                             4.6        5.2 3.8            LOCS                1         1  8          11  5            REPS                1         1  10         11  7            DIFF                1.0       2.0                             1.0        1.9 0.0            PR > T           .007#      .006#                                            .999     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 2D     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0     VARIETY #2 = PH42B     __________________________________________________________________________                BU  BU      TST SDG  EST TIL GDU  GDU                ACR ACR MST WT  VGR  CNT LER SHD  SLK                ABS % MN                        ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS  ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   77.8                    110 22.5                            56.7                                4.6  32.4                                         1.0 146.0                                                  147.1            2   71.8                    100 20.5                            55.7                                5.2  32.3                                         1.7 143.9                                                  146.7            LOCS                41  41  52  35  82   141 101 136  132            REPS                69  69  82  61  101  204 119 145  139            DIFF                6.0 9   2.0 1.0 0.6  0.1 0.8 2.1  0.4            PR > T                .110                    .119                        .000#                            .003#                                .000#                                     .853                                         .451                                             .000#                                                  .372     __________________________________________________________________________                POL TAS PLT  EAR RT  STA STK  BRT GRN                SC  SZ  HT   HT  LDG GRN LDG  STK APP                ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   3.8 3.4 95.9 43.6                                 89.7                                     5.7 94.5 92.3                                                  6.7            2   2.7 2.1 101.0                             38.5                                 87.4                                     6.3 96.2 94.6                                                  6.5            LOCS                32  70  71   59  14  35  30   19  9            REPS                34  73  84   71  19  45  51   21  14            DIFF                1.1 1.2 5.1  5.1 2.3 0.6 1.7  2.3 0.2            PR > T                .000#                    .000#                        .001#                             .000#                                 .575                                     .160                                         .319 .351                                                  .724     __________________________________________________________________________                SCT EAR  TEX EAR BAR  DRP GLF NLF SLF                GRN SZ   EAR MLD PLT  EAR SPT BLT BLT                ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   6.8 5.9  7.3 7.4 96.8 99.7                                          3.4 6.7 7.0            2   5.6 6.5  4.7 6.0 92.4 99.7                                          4.9 7.4 4.9            LOCS                31  17   15  30  61   17  25  16  4            REPS                33  17   15  32  65   31  40  29  7            DIFF                1.2 0.6  2.6 1.4 4.4  0.0 1.5 0.7 2.1            PR > T                .000#                    .076*                         .000#                             .000#                                 .017+                                      .999                                          .000#                                              .032+                                                  .026+     __________________________________________________________________________                GOS  STW ANT  HD       MDM FUS GIB DIP                WLT  WLT ROT  SMT CLN  CPX ERS ERS ERS                ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   8.3  6.9 3.6  100.0                                  4.0  3.0 5.9 6.5 4.0            2   7.5  7.2 4.4  100.0                                  3.8  3.2 3.1 2.0 4.3            LOCS                2    5   5    4   2    2   7   1   1            REPS                4    7   10   10  4    4   10  2   2            DIFF                0.8  0.3 0.8  0.0 0.3  0.2 2.8 4.5 0.3            PR > T                .500 .690                         .197 .999                                  .795 .656                                           .030+     __________________________________________________________________________                  EYE COM     HC ECB      ECB ECB                  SPT RST     BLT                                 DPE      1LF 2SC                  ABS ABS     ABS                                 ABS      ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1     5.6 5.3     5.0                                 100.0    3.2 3.8            2     5.8 4.3     6.3                                 100.0    4.0 3.9            LOCS  5   6       1  1        14  8            REPS  8   9       3  2        17  13            DIFF  0.2 1.0     1.3                                 0.0      0.8 0.2            PR > T                  .477                      .008#               .047+                                              .504     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 3A     __________________________________________________________________________     Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PHKV0 To PHTP9 Crossed     To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.     __________________________________________________________________________                SEL     BU  BU  PRM     TST SDG EST GDU                IND PRM ACR ACR SHD MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                % MN                    ABS ABS % MN                                ABS % MN                                        ABS % MN                                                % MN                                                    % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                7   10  36  36  10  36  22  24  19  17            LOCS                7   10  36  36  10  36  22  24  19  17            PHKV0                101 106 153 103 10T 99  55  99  102 100            PHTP9                100 104 150 101 104 95  96  102 99  97            DIFF                1   2   4   2   3   5   1   3   3   3            PR > T                0.76                    0.03                        0.28                            0.36                                0.00                                    0.00                                        0.00                                            0.51                                                0.31                                                    0.00     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN EYE                SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP SPT                % MN                    % MN                        % MN                            % MN                                % MN                                    % MN                                        % MN                                            % MN                                                % MN                                                    ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                5   38  22  22  17  18  35  5   7   1            LOCS                5   38  22  22  17  18  35  5   7   1            PHKV0                99  100 98  101 105 109 100 99  111 3            PHTP9                97  101 94  97  105 59  100 101 102 2            DIFF                1   1   5   4   0   50  0   2   9   1            PR > T                0.22                    0.60                        0.00                            0.13                                0.99                                    0.00                                        0.99                                            0.59                                                0.57     __________________________________________________________________________                ECB ECB                       ECB DRP                DPE 1LF                       2SC EAR                ABS ABS                       ABS % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                4   1  15  20            LOCS                4   1  15  20            PHKV0                100 3  4   100            PHTP9                100 3  4   100            DIFF                0   0  0   0            PR > T                0.99                    0.99                       0.99                           0.99     __________________________________________________________________________      *PR > T values are valid only for comparisons with Locs > = 10.

                                      TABLE 3B     __________________________________________________________________________     Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PHKV0 To PHP38 Crossed     To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.     __________________________________________________________________________                SEL     BU  BU  PRM     TST SDG EST GDU                IND PRM ACR ACR SHD MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                % MN                    ABS ABS % MN                                ABS % MN                                        ABS % MN                                                % MN                                                    % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                42  51  209 209 34  213 140 71  126 49            LOCS                42  51  196 196 34  200 133 66  118 45            PHKV0                98  112 173 100 113 102 57  93  100 102            PHP38                99  112 174 100 111 101 58  103 101 100            DIFF                1   0   1   0   2   1   0   10  0   2            PR > T                0.58                    0.99                        0.49                            0.99                                0.00                                    0.22                                        0.99                                            0.00                                                0.99                                                    0.00     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN EYE                SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP SPT                % MN                    % MN                        % MN                            % MN                                % MN                                    % MN                                        % MN                                            % MN                                                % MN                                                    ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                13  230 118 118 70  101 159 37  38  2            LOCS                13  216 116 116 66  91  146 33  38  2            PHKV0                100 101 99  104 100 104 102 98  106 3            PHP38                100 101 99  99  102 108 101 99  104 3            DIFF                1   1   1   5   2   4   0   2   2   0            PR > T                0.57                    0.25                        0.12                            0.00                                0.33                                    0.22                                        0.99                                            0.16                                                0.51                                                    0.99     __________________________________________________________________________                SOU                   ECB ECB                          ECB DRP GLF                RST                   DPE 1LF                          2SC EAR SPT                ABS                   ABS ABS                          ABS % MN                                  ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                1  4   1  11  43  4            LOCS                1  4   1  i1  39  4            PHKV0                6  99  B  6   100 5            PHP38                6  97  8  5   99  3            DIFF                0  2   0  2   1   1            PR > T                0.99                   0.13                       0.99                          0.01                              0.02                                  0.39     __________________________________________________________________________      *PR > T values are valid only for comparisons with Locs > = 10.

                                      TABLE 3C     __________________________________________________________________________     Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PHKV0 To PH42B Crossed     To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.     __________________________________________________________________________                SEL     BU  BW  PRM     TST SDG EST GDU                IND PRM ACR ACR SHD MST WT  VGR CNT SHD                % MN                    ABS ABS % MN                                ABS % MN                                        ABS % MN                                                % MN                                                    % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                21  42  163 163 28  164 117 84  73  48            LOCS                21  42  163 163 28  164 117 84  73  48            PHKV0                99  110 170 99  112 100 56  100 102 102            PH42B                109 108 178 104 111 95  56  100 102 101            DIFF                10  2   8   5   1   5   0   0   0   1            PR > T                0.00                    0.00                        0.00                            0.00                                0.00                                    0.00                                        0.99                                            0.99                                                0.99                                                    0.01     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN EYE                SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP SPT                % MN                    % MN                        % MN                            % MN                                % MN                                    % MN                                        % MN                                            % MN                                                % MN                                                    ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                21  173 80  80  65  82  123 12  65  7            LOCS                21  171 80  80  63  82  121 12  65  7            PHKV0                100 102 100 103 98  100 101 102 100 4            PH42B                100 101 101 99  92  112 100 97  94  4            DIFF                0   0   1   4   5   12  0   5   6   0            PR > T                0.99                    0.99                        0.10                            0.00                                0.11                                    0.00                                        0.99                                            0.15                                                0.07                                                    0.99     __________________________________________________________________________                ECB ECB DRP GLF NLF                DPE 2SC EAR SPT BLT                ABS ABS % MN                            ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            REPS                4   35  43  21  2            LOCS                4   35  43  20  2            PHKV0                100 4   100 3   6            PH42B                100 4   100 4   4            DIFF                0   0   0   1   2            PR > T                0.99                    0.99                        0.99                            0.08                                0.20     __________________________________________________________________________      *PR > T values are valid only for comparisons with Locs > = 10.

                                      TABLE 4A     __________________________________________________________________________     INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHP38/PHPP8     __________________________________________________________________________                     PRM  BU  BU       TST  SDG  EST GDU                PRM  SHD  ACR ACR MST  WT   VGR  CNT SHD                ABS  ABS  ABS % MN                                  % MN ABS  % MN % MN                                                     % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   107  109  155.4                              102 96   56.0 96   102 100            2   111  109  157.8                              103 106  54.9 114  100 100            LOCS                38   46   180 180 182  105  78   104 61            REPS                38   46   209 209 211  115  94   123 73            DIFF                4    1    2.4 1   10   1.1  18   2   1            PR > T                .000#                     .015+                          .126                              .355                                  .000#                                       .000#                                            .000#                                                 .113                                                     .010+     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU  STK  PLT  EAR  RT  STA  STK BRT  GRN                SLK  CNT  HT   HT   LDG GRN  LDG STK  APP                % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN                                        % MN % MN                                                 % MN % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   99   102  98   100  100 102  99  l10  111            2   101  100  102  103  99  98   100 108  102            LOCS                34   203  74   73   49  49   124 26   12            REPS                38   270  82   80   59  58   141 43   12            DIFF                2    1    4    3    1   5    1   3    8            PR > T                .003#                     .058*                          .000#                               .025+                                    .740                                        .380 .679                                                 .141 .245     __________________________________________________________________________                DRP   GLF NLF  SLF GOS  STW ANT  HD                EAR   SPT BLT  BLT WLT  WLT ROT  SMT CLN                % MN  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   100   3.4 5.4  7.3 7.5  4.0 2.5  100.0                                                     1.5            2   99    2.9 3.5  6.3 7.0  3.0 4.0  100.0                                                     4.0            LOCS                61    12  5    3   2    2   3    1   1            REPS                67    17  10   6   3    2   6    2   2            DIFF                1     0.5 1.9  1.0 0.5  1.0 1.5  0.0 2.5            PR > T                .003# .076*                          .003#                               .184                                   .795 .000#                                            .324     __________________________________________________________________________                FUS                   COM                      SOU                         ECB  ECB ECB                ERS                   RSW                      RST                         DPE  1LF 2SC                ABS                   ABS                      ABS                         ABS  ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   8.0                   7.0                      3.0                         100.0                              2.5 3.3            2   6.5                   5.5                      5.0                         9.8.5                              2.0 4.1            LOCS                1  1  1  7    2   16            REPS                2  2  1  7    2   16            DIFF                1.5                   1.5                      2.0                         1.5  0.5 0.9            PR > T       .098*                              .500                                  .034+     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 4B     __________________________________________________________________________     INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHP3B/PHN46     __________________________________________________________________________                     PRM  BU   BU       TST  SDG  EST GDU                PRM  SHD  ACR  ACR MST  WT   VGR  CNT SHD                ABS  ABS  ABS  % MN                                   % MN ABS  % MN % MN                                                      % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   107  109  160.9                               99  97   56.0 88   103 100            LOCS                68   72   310  310 312  158  144  171 99            REPS                68   72   357  357 359  171  176  191 118            DIFF                1    3    2.9  1   3    0.4  34   0   3            PR > T                .000#                     .000#                          .022+                               .112                                   .000#                                        .001#                                             .000#                                                  .999                                                      .000#     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU  STK  PLT EAR  RT   STA STK  BRT  GRN                SLK  CNT  HT  HT   LDG  GRN LDG  STK  APP                % MN % MN % MN                              % MN % MN % MN                                            % MN % MN % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   99   102  98  100  100  99  98   109  113            2   102  102  99  105  105  101 101  97   103            LOCS                61   344  127 126  76   120 186  32   23            REPS                69   435  147 145  100  141 225  44   23            DIFF                3    0    1   5    5    2   3    11   10            PR > T                .000#                     .999 .116                              .000#                                   .036+                                        .642                                            .015+                                                 .006#                                                      .066*     __________________________________________________________________________                DRP  GLF NLF SLF   GOS STW   ANT HD                EAR  SPT BLT BLT   WLT WLT   ROT SMT   CLN                % MN ABS ABS ABS   ABS ABS   ABS ABS   ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   100  3.8 5.3 7.6   7.5 4.0   2.8 98.0  3.3            2   99   2.4 5.1 5.0   8.0 6.5   3.1 96.5  5.8            LOCS                81   28  11  4     2   2     4   2     2            REPS                90   40  22  8     3   2     8   6     4            DIFF                1    1.3 0.2 2.6   0.5 2.5   0.4 1.5   2.5            > T .049+                     .000#                         .360                             .009# .500                                       .126  .547                                                 .832  .126     __________________________________________________________________________                  FUS DIP   EYE                               COM    SOU                                         ECB    ECB ECB                  ERS ERS   SPT                               RST    RST                                         DPE    1LF 2SC                  ABS ABS   ABS                               ABS    ABS                                         ABS    ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1     7.1 5.0   4.0                               7.0    3.0                                         88.5   2.5 3.4            2     3.9 8.0   3.0                               4.5    3.0                                         87.6   1.5 5.1            LOCS  4   1     1  1      1  13     2   24            REPS  8   1     1  2      1  18     2   29            DIFF  3.2 3.0   1.0                               2.5    0.0                                         1.0    1.0 1.7            PR > T                  .006#                  .467   .000#                                                    .000#     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 4C     __________________________________________________________________________     INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PH42B/PH06N     __________________________________________________________________________                     PRM  BU  BU       TST  SDG  EST  GDU                PRM  SHD  ACR ACR  MST WT   VGR  CNT  SHD                ABS  ABS  ABS % MN % MN                                       ABS  % MN % MN % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   108  109  155.8                              101  98  56.2 88   102  100            2   107  107  157.5                              102  98  56.0 103  93   98            LOCS                36   50   141 141  144 88   135  155  92            REPS                36   50   177 177  180 101  172  184  114            DIFF                0    2    1.7 1    1   0.2  15   9    2            PR > T                .999 .000#                          .365                              .338 .288                                       .224 .000#                                                 .000#                                                      .000#     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU  STK  PLT  EAR  RT  STA STK  BRT  GRN                SLK  CNT  HT   HT   LDG GRN LDG  STK  APP                % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN                                        % MN                                            % MN % MN % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   100  102  98   100  101 100 101  108  110            2   98   96   99   96   100 102 106  96   98            LOCS                56   310  120  119  64  97  117  26   23            REPS                66   403  142  140  84  118 151  45   26            DIFF                1    5    1    4    1   2   5    13   13            PR > T                .000#                     .000#                          .010+                               .000#                                    .747                                        .548                                            .000#                                                 .014+                                                      .047+     __________________________________________________________________________                DRP  GLF  NLF SLF   GOS STW   ANT HD                EAR  SPT  BLT BLT   WLT WLT   ROT SMT CLN                % MN ABS  ABS ABS   ABS ABS   ABS ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   101  3.7  5.3 7.5   7.7 4.0   2.5 98.7                                                      1.5            2   100  4.1  5.2 5.5   7.2 4.5   4.8 98.9                                                      2.5            LOCS                55   21   10  3     3   2     3   3   1            REPS                65   32   20  6     5   2     6   8   2            DIFF                1    0.4  0.1 2.0   0.5 0.5   2.3 0.2 1.0            PR > T                .014+                     .055*                          .766                              .074* .423                                        .500  .148                                                  .922     __________________________________________________________________________                FUS     GIB DIP    COM                                      ECB      ECB ECB                ERS     ERS ERS    RST                                      DPE      1LF 2SC                ABS     ABS ABS    ABS                                      ABS      ABS ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   8.0     6.0 5.0    7.0                                      69.3     2.5 3.4            2   4.5     7.3 3.0    5.5                                      86.0     4.0 5.1            LOCS                1       2   1      1  14       2   18            REPS                2       3   1      2  20       2   22            DIFF                3.5     1.3 2.0    1.5                                      3.3      1.5 1.6            PR > T      .605          .071*    .205                                                   .000#     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                                      TABLE 4D     __________________________________________________________________________     INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHTP9/PH24E     __________________________________________________________________________                     PRM  BU  BU       TST  SDG  EST  GDU                PRM  SHD  ACR ACR MST  WT   VGR  CNT  SHD                ABS  ABS  ABS % MN                                  % MN ABS  % MN % MN % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   107  109  153.0                              102 99   55.6 96   103  101            2   106  103  151.7                              101 96   55.6 105  99   96            LOCS                28   38   122 122 128  81   59   80   56            REPS                28   38   134 134 140  90   70   90   61            DIFF                2    6    1.3 1   4    0.0  9    3    5            PR > T                .000#                     .000#                          .468                              .452                                  .000#                                       .999 .023+                                                 .039 .000#     __________________________________________________________________________                GDU  STK  PLT  EAR RT  STA  STK  BRT  GRN                SLK  CNT  HT   HT  LDG GRN  LDG  STK  APP                % MN % MN % MN % MN                                   % MN                                       % MN % MN % MN % MN     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   101  102  98   99  101 118  103  107  109            2   96   99   92   97  98  90   105  95   96            LOCS                37   146  53   52  40  34   88   13   20            REPS                41   179  58   56  44  40   99   21   23            DIFF                4    3    6    2   3   27   2    12   12            PR > T                .000#                     .000#                          .000#                               .165                                   .362                                       .000#                                            .031+                                                 .058*                                                      .010+     __________________________________________________________________________                DRP    GLF NLF  FUS                                   GIB   SOU                                            ECB   ECB                                                     ECB                EAR    SPT BLT  ERS                                   ERS   RST                                            DPE   1LF                                                     2SC                % MN   ABS ABS  ABS                                   ABS   ABS                                            ABS   ABS                                                     ABS     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM            1   100    3.5 6.0  8.0                                   4.0   3.0                                            99.9  3.0                                                     3.1            2   100    3.0 6.0  5.0                                   3.0   4.0                                            99.0  4.0                                                     3.5            LOCS                66     11  1    1  1     1  8     1  13            REPS                76     12  2    1  1     1  9     1  13            DIFF                1      0.5 0.0  3.0                                   1.0   1.0                                            0.9   1.0                                                     0.5            PR > T                .005#  .096*                .089*    .082*     __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                  TABLE 5     ______________________________________     COLD TEST REPORT VARIETY = PHKV0     TEST 1          TEST 2      TEST 3     CLD        CLD      CLD    CLD    CLD   CLD     ABS        % MN     ABS    % MN   ABS   % MN     ______________________________________     AVG.   90.7    104      89.8 102    91.4  103     REPS   40      40       24   24     17    17     LOCS   84      84       24   24     17    17     HIGH   98.0    119      98.0 119    98.0  110     LOW    68.0    80       68.0 80     71.0  83     ______________________________________

                  TABLE 6A     ______________________________________     GRAIN QUALITY COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHP38/PHPP8                   GRN     GRN      TEX    TEX            VAR    APP     APP      EAR    EAR            #      ABS     % MN     ABS    % MN     ______________________________________     TOTAL SUM              1        7.9     111    3.2    204              2        7.4     102    1.4    89              LOCS     11      11     5      5              DIFF     0.5     9      1.8    115              PROB     .258    .247   .009#  .009#     ______________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                  TABLE 6B     ______________________________________     GRAIN QUALITY COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHP38/PHN46                   GRN     GRN      TEX    TEX            VAR    APP     APP      EAR    EAR            #      ABS     % MN     ABS    % MN     ______________________________________     TOTAL SUM              1        7.6     112    3.2    204              2        7.0     102    1.6    102              LOCS     21      21     5      5              DIFF     0.6     10     1.6    102              PROB     .097*   .096*  .016+  .016+     ______________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                  TABLE 6C     ______________________________________     GRAIN QUALITY COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PH25A/PHKW3                   GRN     GRN      TEX    TEX            VAR    APP     APP      EAR    EAR            #      ABS     % MN     ABS    % MN     ______________________________________     TOTAL SUM              1        7.0     103    3.2    204              2        6.3     92     1.0    64              LOCS     27      27     5      5              DIFF     0.7     11     2.2    140              PROB     .002#   .003#  .000#  .000#     ______________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                  TABLE 6D     ______________________________________     GRAIN QUALITY COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHHB4/PHK56                   GRN     GRN      TEX    TEX            VAR    APP     APP      EAR    EAR            #      ABS     % MN     ABS    % MN     ______________________________________     TOTAL SUM              1        7.1     107    3.2    204              2        6.4     96     1.6    102              LOCS     36      36     5      5              DIFF     0.7     11     1.6    103              PROB     .002#   .002#  .016+  .016+     ______________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                  TABLE 7A     ______________________________________     SEED PROTEIN CONTENT COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHP38/PHN46                          PRO                    VAR   DRY                    #     ABS     ______________________________________     TOTAL SUM        1       8.3                      2       7.6                      LOCS    15                      REPS    17                      DIFF    0.7                      PROB    .000#     ______________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

                  TABLE 7B     ______________________________________     SEED PROTEIN CONTENT COMPARISON REPORT     VARIETY #1 = PHKV0/PHKW3     VARIETY #2 = PHHB4/PHK56                          PRO                    VAR   DRY                    #     ABS     ______________________________________     TOTAL SUM        1       8.4                      2       7.5                      LOCS    16                      REPS    16                      DIFF    0.8                      PROB    .000#     ______________________________________      * = 10% SIG      + = 5% SIG      # = 1% SIG

Deposits

Applicant has made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Inbred Maize Line PHKV0 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va. 20110 USA, ATCC Deposit No. 209795. The seeds deposited with the ATCC on April 20, 1998 were taken from the deposit maintained by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 700 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of this application. This deposit of the Inbred Maize Line PHKV0 will be maintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant has satisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §§1.801-1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of the sample. Applicant imposes no restrictions on the availability of the deposited material from the ATCC; however, Applicant has no authority to waive any restrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material or its transportation in commerce. Applicant does not waive any infringement of its rights granted under this patent or under the Plant Variety Protection Act (7 USC 2321 et seq.). U.S. Plant Variety Protection of PHKV0 has been applied for under Application No. 9700198.

The foregoing invention has been described in detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding. However, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications such as single gene modifications and mutations, somoclonal variants, variant individuals selected from large populations of the plants of the instant inbred and the like may be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only by the scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Seed of maize inbred line designated PHKV0, representative samples having been deposited under ATCC Accession No.209795.
 2. A maize plant, or parts thereof, having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of inbred line PHKV0, representative seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC accession No.
 209795. 3. The maize plant of claim 2, wherein said plant is male sterile.
 4. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of a maize plant of inbred line PHKV0, wherein the tissue regenerates plants capable of expressing all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the inbred line PHKV0, representative seed of which have been deposited under ATCC Accession No.
 209795. 5. A tissue culture according to claim 4, said plant, the cells or protoplasts being from a tissue selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips, anthers, silks, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks, and stalks.
 6. A maize plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 4, capable of expressing all the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred line PHKV0, representative seed of which have been deposited under ATCC Accession No.
 209795. 7. A method for producing a first generation (F₁) hybrid maize seed comprising crossing the plant of claim 2 with a different inbred parent maize plant and harvesting the resultant first generation (F₁) hybrid maize seed.
 8. The method of claim 7 wherein inbred maize plant of claim 2 is the female or male parent.
 9. An F₁ hybrid seed produced by crossing the inbred maize plant according to claim 2 with another, different maize plant.
 10. An F₁ hybrid plant, or parts thereof, grown from the seed of claim
 9. 11. A process for producing inbred PHKV0 representative seed of which have been deposited under ATCC Accession No. 209795, comprising:planting a collection of seed comprising seed of a hybrid, one of whose parents is Inbred PHKV0 said collection also comprising seed of said inbred; growing plants from said collection of seed; identifying said inbred plants; selecting said inbred plant; and controlling pollination in a manner which preserves the homozygosity of said inbred plant.
 12. The process of claim 11 wherein said step of identifying said inbred plant comprises:identifying plants with decreased vigor.
 13. The process of claim 11 wherein said step of identifying said inbred plant comprises:identifying seeds or plants with homozygous genotype. 